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Treblinka - The perpetrators


Monument at the former Treblinka extermination camp

       1st commandant: SS-Obersturmführer Irmfried Eberl (July to Sept. 1942), 2nd commandant: SS-Obersturmführer Franz Stangl (Sept. 1942 - Aug. 1943) and 3rd commandant SS-Untersturmführer Kurt Hubert Franz (Aug. - Oct./Nov. 1943 - after the revolt).

       The facilities at Treblinka II were closed in October 1943; those at Treblinka I in July 1944. Three trials directly linked to crimes committed at Treblinka were conducted in Germany. The first trial was of Joseph (Sepp) Hirtreiter who was sentenced to life. The second trial concerned ten SS officers who had worked at Treblinka II. The chief defendant Kurt Franz, nicknamed Doll, was sentenced to life imprisonment. The others received various sentences up to a maximum of twelve years. One defendant was acquitted. In light of the atrocities that were committed at Treblinka, these sentences can hardly be called just retribution. The third trial was that of Franz Stangl, commandant of Treblinka, who was arrested in Brazil and delivered over to the German authorities. After a six month trial he was sentenced to life imprisonment in January 1971. Stangl died in prison in June of that same year.

 

SS-Obersturmführer Irmfried Eberl, Born in Bregenz, Austria 08-09-1910, hanged himself 16-02-1948

A 1933 graduate of the medical program at Innsbruck University, Eberl gained his doctorate a year later.
A doctor and firm supporter of the T-4 Euthanasia Program, Eberl spent two years helping implement the program in Brandenburg and Bernburg, before being transferred to Treblinka, where he was placed in charge of construction at Treblinka in July 1942. Was briefly at Sobibor; training for Treblinka commandant's post. 
 
Commander of Treblinka, July 1942 - September 1942 until he was dismissed two months later for incompetence and replaced by Franz Stangl. In 1944 he joined the Wehrmacht for the duration of the war. After the war, Eberl found himself a widower following his second wife's death, and continued to practise medicine in Blaubeuren until he was arrested in January 1948, and hanged himself the following month to avoid trial.

 

SS-Hauptsturmfürher Franz Stangl, born 26-03-1908 died of a heart attack 28-06-1971

Commander of Treblinka, September 1942 - August 1943.  As commandant in Sobibor and Treblinka, he had very little direct contact with the Jewish prisoners; he was seen only on rare occasions. He received an official commendation as the "best camp commander in Poland".  After the Treblinka revolt he was posted and stationed in northern Italy. For a short time at the concentration camp San Sabba. Mainly served as commander of Einsatz R II in the areas of Fiume and Udine, where he was engaged in actions against partisans and local Jews.

At the end of the war he fled to Austria, where he was interned by US Forces because of his SS membership. Since late summer 1947 imprisoned in Linz. Accused of having killed mental patients at Hartheim. In May 1948 he escaped from prison and made his way to Rome / Italy. There he got help by bishop Alois Hudal who made it possible for him to get a Red Cross passport and money for his flight to Syria. There he got a job as engineer in Damascus.
In 1951 he migrated to Brazil where he met his family. In Sao Paulo he worked in the Volkswagen factory. It was not until the mid-1960's that Simon Wiesenthal learned of Stangl's whereabouts. For a total of $7,000 ("one cent for every Jew killed") the informant agreed to divulge Stangl's address and was arrested in Brazil, 1967 and was extradited to the West German authorities. At his first hearing at the West German court, he declared that while it was true that he had been the commander at Treblinka; he had had nothing to do with the killing of Jews. His task, he said, had been solely to supervise the collection and shipment of valuables brought into the camp by the victims. The individual responsible for the killings had been Christian Wirth. Stangl was the only commander of an extermination camp who had been brought to trial. He was tried in the Second Treblinka Trial (1970) in Düsseldorf, and was sentenced to life imprisonment. He died in prison a few months after the end of the trial on 28 June 1971 of a heart attack.                                                                                              Source: death-camps.org

SS-Untersturmführer Kurt Hubert Franz, born 17-01-1914 died 04-07-1998

Franz enlisted in the army in 1935, and on completion of his army service he volunteered for the SS, serving initially in the Buchenwald concentration camp. Late in 1939 he was transferred to the euthanasia program. In April 1942, after aktion Reinhard had begun, he was sent to the Belzec extermination camp, with the rank of SS - Oberscharfuhrer. In late August or early September of that year he was transferred to Treblinka as deputy to the camp commandant, Franz Stangl.

At Treblinka, Franz dominated daily life at the camp. He was the cruelest and most terrifying of the SS officers there; his handsome appearance earned him the nickname Lalka ("doll" in Polish) among the prisoners. He regularly toured the camp, reviewed the prisoner parades, and abused, struck, and shot prisoners at every opportunity and for the slightest infraction. Franz's work at Treblinka was rated "excellent, " and as a result he was promoted to the rank of Untersturmfuhrer, in June 1943. After the revolt at Treblinka that August, and with the cessation of the extermination activities there, Stangl left and Franz remained to dismantle the camp and obliterate the traces of the slaughter there. In late November 1943 the last Jews engaged in the demolition of the camp were killed.

After the war, Franz stood trial in his native Dusseldorf, together with nine other SS officers who had served at Treblinka. At this First Treblinka Trial (there were three trials, all conducted in Germany), held from October 12, 1964, to August 24, 1965, Franz was sentenced to life imprisonment.




 





 










































 

 

 


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